Formal helping or volunteering is assistance provided through organizations, either mutual benefit associations or community-oriented service organizations (Voydanoff).
Volunteer work is time and effort devoted to helping others without remuneration or coercion (Voydanoff citing Wilson & Musick).
Volunteer work is time and effort devoted to helping others without remuneration or coercion. As defined by Voydanoff citing Wilson & Musick:
Wilson, J., & Musick, M. (1998). The contribution of social resources to volunteering. Social Science Quarterly, 79, 799-814.